sleet; daikon shavings; grated daikon; shaved ice topped with honey
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
town; block; downtown; main street; street; road
one; 1; best; first; foremost; beginning; start
dojo; hall used for martial arts training; manda (place of Buddhist practice or meditation, esp. the place under the bodhi tree where Buddha attained enlightenment)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to rise; to go up; to enter (esp. from outdoors); to come in; to enter (a school); to advance to the next grade; to get out (of water)
drenched with sweat; sweaty all over
training clothes (judo, kendo, etc.); practice suit
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to take off (clothes, shoes, etc.); to undress
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
congratulations!; well done!; best wishes!; all the best!
to say; to utter; to declare; to name; to call
splendid; magnificent; utter (esp. defeat); total; (arch.) something worth seeing; (arch.) sight
palm; open hand; playing on equal terms; lack of handicap
something broad and flat; common; ordinary; low-ranking employee; freshman
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
in good condition; in fine shape; glib; slick; harmonious; melodious
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
in that way; thus; so; so?
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
(real) ability; true strength; merit; arms; force
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
(tree) trunk; (arrow) shaft; (tool) handle; backbone; base
ought to have been; was ... right?; to do for (inferiors)
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
victory or defeat; match; contest; game
one long cylindrical thing; one film, TV show, etc.; one version; one book; a certain book; ippon; one point
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
single; simple; singles (tennis, badminton, etc.); win bet (bet which predicts the winner of a race)
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
enough; sufficient; plenty; sufficiently; fully; thoroughly
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
to incline one's head to the side (in doubt); to tilt one's head to the side (in confusion); to be puzzled
sweat; perspiration; moisture; condensation; gulp; oops