beginning; outset; opening; start
light; lamp; counter for electric lights
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
forensic medicine; forensic pathology; medical jurisprudence; legal medicine
community; circles; kingdom; erathem; field (electrical); border
one; 1; best; first; foremost; beginning; start
authority; power; influence
chest; breast; breasts; bosom; heart; lungs; stomach
talk; recital; narration; topic
to fall (e.g. blossoms, leaves); to scatter; to be dispersed; to disappear; to dissolve; to spread
expert; learned person; doctor; PhD; instructor at the imperial court (ritsuryo period); pitch and length marks (to accompany a Buddhist liturgical chant, etc.)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
circle; entirety; whole; money; dough; enclosure inside a castle's walls; soft-shelled turtle
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
multi-floor building; multi-storey building; tall building
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
laboratory; seminar room; professor's office
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
event; affair; incident; case; plot; trouble
study; research; investigation
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
detective; investigator; sleuth; detective work; secret investigation
project; enterprise; business; (arch.) act; (arch.) deed; (arch.) conduct
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
several years; a few years
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
the same; the said; likewise
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
normal; ordinary; normally; ordinarily; local train; train that stops at every station
private; non-governmental; non-official; folk; popular
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
muscle; tendon; vein; artery; fiber; fibre; line
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
hand; arm; forepaw; foreleg; handle; hand; worker
old; aged; long; since long ago; of the distant past; long-ago
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
doing; in such a state; doing together; doing to each other; familiarizing suffix (sometimes meaning "small")
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
(not) ever; (not) by any means; (not) in the least; (not) in any way; (not) at all