indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
difficulty of finding employment (due to a job shortage)
although I say; although one might say; although called
at that time; in those days; at that moment; then
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
society; the world; the times
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
to come to a dead end; to come to a standstill; to reach a deadlock; to reach an impasse; to reach a stalemate
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
university; college; former central university of Kyoto (established under the ritsuryo system for the training of government administrators); the Great Learning (one of the Four Books)
(former) imperial university
period; epoch; the times; those days; oldness; ancientness
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
luxury; extravagance; to live in luxury; to indulge oneself; lavish (use of something); abundant
even; (if) only; just; besides; on top of that
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
new; neo-; newness; novelty; Gregorian calendar; Xin dynasty (China, 9-23 CE)
university graduate; bachelor; bachelor's degree
somewhere; anywhere; in some respects
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
outlet (e.g. for water or gas); market (for something); outlet (e.g. for excess energy); vent (e.g. for emotions)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
to throw; to fling; to hurl; to neglect; to abandon; to leave alone
to send (a thing); to dispatch; to take or escort (a person somewhere); to see off (a person); to bid farewell (to the departed); to bury; to spend (time)
classmate; graduates in the same class; wrestlers who began their professional careers in the same tournament
not less than; ... and over; beyond (e.g. one's expectations); above; above-mentioned; aforementioned
certainty; reality; regular; permanent; samadhi (state of intense concentration achieved through meditation)
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
graduation; completion (of a course); moving on (from); outgrowing (something); leaving (a group, company, etc.)
together with; as X, then Y (e.g. as we age we gain wisdom, as wine matures it becomes more valuable, etc.)
moving to a different location to start a new job; (proceeding to) new appointment
circle; "correct"; "good"; *; _; period