foreword; preface; introduction; postscript
(former) imperial university
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
graduation; completion (of a course); moving on (from); outgrowing (something); leaving (a group, company, etc.)
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
difference; discrepancy; variation
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
bureaucrat; government official; bureaucracy
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
convenient; favorable; favourable; expedient; expedience
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
condition; term; requirement; qualification; prerequisite
field of early-blooming (or ripening) rice
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
indicates reason or excuse; indicates dissatisfaction; indicates desire to be pampered or indulged
Keiō era (1865.4.7-1868.9.8)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
satisfaction; contentment; sufficient; satisfactory; satisfying (an equation)
to be packed (with); to be full (space, schedule, etc.); to be blocked (road, pipe, nose, etc.); to be clogged; to shorten (width, interval, etc.); to shrink (shirt, word form, etc.); to be at a loss
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
whole life; a lifetime; all through life; (the only, the greatest, etc.) of one's life
loss; damage; harm; disadvantage; handicap; drawback
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to lament; to grieve; to regret; to deplore
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
seeming to be; appearing to be; like; similar to; in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
true feelings; real intention; one's heart; one's right mind; one's senses; one's conscience
as was expected; just as one thought; sure enough; really; actually; ever
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to boil; to seethe; to be oppressed by heat
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
originally; essentially; naturally; in the first place; to begin with
corresponding to (in meaning, function, etc.); being equivalent to; appropriate; suitable; to be proportionate to; to be in keeping with
consideration; taking into account
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold