black stone; black (go pieces)
black; dark; blackish; suspicious; criminal; darkened and dirty; sooty
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
white stone; white (go pieces)
certainly; without fail; right and wrong; pros and cons
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
army; armed forces; military authorities; team; group
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to return (something); to restore; to turn over; to turn upside down; to pay back; to retaliate; to respond (with)
comfort; ease; easy; simple; (economically) comfortable; raku pottery
jaw; chin; barb (of a fishhook)
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
to pull up; to drag up; to increase; to raise (e.g. taxes); to withdraw; to leave; to promote (someone to a higher position)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be astonished; to be amazed; to be astounded; to be deeply impressed
to grieve; to lament; to deplore; to admire; to sigh in admiration
to say; to utter; to declare; to name; to call
mochi; (sticky) rice cake
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
to take (a resource, e.g. time or money); to hang; to come into view; to arrive; to come under (a contract, a tax); to start (engines, motors); to attend
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
again; once more; a second time
smallness; small item; short month (i.e. having fewer than 31 days); elementary school; smaller (of two things, places, etc. with the same name); inferior; younger (of two people with the same name)
in; on; at (place); as for; regarding
glaring at each other; confrontation; standoff; face-off
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
standing facing each other (e.g. mountains, buildings); standing opposite each other; confrontation; squaring off against (adversaries, armies, forces); standing off against
extermination (e.g. of pests, demons, bandits); elimination; making someone renounce worldly desires in order to concentrate on Buddha's teachings; curing illness
to continue; to keep up; to keep on
can do nothing but (do); cannot help (doing) something
permanence; perpetuity; Chōkyū era (1040.11.10-1044.11.24)
hand; arm; forepaw; foreleg; handle; hand; worker
long (distance, length); long (time); protracted; prolonged
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
father and child; father and son; father and daughter
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen