young bird; chick; fledgling; hina doll; doll displayed during the Girls' Festival
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
guest; visitor; customer; client; counter for containers used to entertain guests
Bizen (former province located in the southeast of present-day Okayama Prefecture)
Okayama (city, prefecture)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
now; the present time; just now; another; more
prosperous; flourishing; popular; widespread; active; lively
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to take (a resource, e.g. time or money); to hang; to come into view; to arrive; to come under (a contract, a tax); to start (engines, motors); to attend
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
town; block; street; road; chō (unit of length, approx. 109.09 m); chō (unit of land area, approx. 0.99 hectares)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to play a leading role; to play a central part
Kibi (former province located in present-day Okayama and parts of Hiroshima, Hyōgo and Kagawa prefectures; later split into Bizen, Bitchu and Bingo provinces)
plain; plateau; tableland
spring; springtime; New Year; prime (of life); height (of one's prosperity); adolescence
to account for; to make up; to occupy (a place, position, etc.); to hold (a rank, seat, etc.); to occupy (one's mind, heart, etc.); to weigh (on one's mind)
10,000; ten thousand; myriad; everything; all; (arch.) various
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
standing by; awaiting an opportunity; being on alert; quarantine
(what) the heck; (why) in the world; one object; one body; one form; one style; one Buddhist image
war; fighting; fierce competition
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
to ripen (fruit, grain, etc.); to become ripe
rape blossoms; rapeseed flowers
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
to fly; to soar; to jump; to leap; to spatter; to scatter; to hurry
to induce sleep; to cause drowsiness
tranquil; calm; quiet; mild (weather); balmy
sound; noise; audio; acoustics; reverberation
construction; building (e.g. a house); communal construction labor (in Zen Buddhism); building with the help of many people (e.g. a temple or shrine)
sound; noise; (musical) note; fame
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)