creator (of a work); author; writer; artist; composer; playwright
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
language; dialect; word; phrase; speech; (manner of) speaking
stinginess; miserliness; shabby; cheap; petty; narrow-minded
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
end; final; end of life; death; never; not at all
just (now); quite (near); unintentionally; subconsciously
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
life; lifetime; career; for life; all one's life; throughout one's life
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
biggest; greatest; largest; maximum
formidable enemy; strong enemy; tough enemy
to come together; to merge; to fit; to match; to be profitable; to be equitable
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to cross over; to cross; to pass through; to exceed; to surpass; to be more (than)
phantasmagoric; protean; shape-shifting; kaleidoscopic; capable of ever-changing appearance
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
black magic; sorcery; magic tricks; juggling
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
spectators; visitors; audience
audience; spectator; spectators
before one's eyes; in front of one; under one's nose; immediate; imminent; around the corner
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
female; woman; female sex; female lover; girlfriend; mistress
cutting horizontally into the torso (with a sword)
boxing; packing into a box; something packed into a box
little girl; maiden; young lady; (arch.) female between 17 and 20 years old (ritsuryo period)
to freeze; to be frozen over; to congeal
sword (esp. a large, double-edged one); blade; bayonet; swordsmanship; stinger; ovipositor
tuber; taro; yokel; bumpkin; dud; worthless thing
thorn; spine; splinter (esp. lodged in one's flesh); hard sharp item (esp. lodged in one's throat, e.g. fish bone); biting words
tuber; taro; yokel; bumpkin; dud; worthless thing
to drip; to drop; to trickle; to overflow (with freshness, beauty, etc.)