indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
chest; breast; breasts; bosom; heart; lungs; stomach
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to return; to come home; to leave (of a guest, customer, etc.); to get home; to get to home plate
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
immediately; at once; soon; before long; easily; readily
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
wife; garnish (esp. one served with sashimi); trimmings; accompaniment; side (remark)
name; given name; title; fame; renown; pretext
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to shout (in anger); to yell
doing; in such a state; doing together; doing to each other; familiarizing suffix (sometimes meaning "small")
busy; hectic; hurried; rapid; quick; sudden
preparation; arrangements
life; living; I; me; student
abruptly; suddenly; all of a sudden; without warning
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
honorific/polite/humble prefix
guest; visitor; customer; client; counter for containers used to entertain guests
to pick up; to gather; to find (and pick up; something someone has dropped); to select; to choose; to get (unexpectedly); to hit upon (luck, an opportunity, etc.)
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
adds force to a statement, decision or conclusion; indicates command; (strongly) emphasizes the previous word; adds focus; some- (e.g. something, someone)
My goodness (expresses surprise, wonder, etc.); very; extremely
Mr; Mrs; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
to come; to go; to be (somewhere); to be (doing)
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
daughter; girl (i.e. a young, unmarried woman)
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
to enter; to come in; to join (a club, company, etc.); to enter (a university, the army, etc.); to be contained (in); to be included (in); to (be able to) fit (in a container, building, etc.)
figure; form; appearance; dress; state; condition
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
samurai family; samurai class; samurai stock; samurai; warrior
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from ... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that ...; trying to ...