order; ordering; beginning; start; foreword; preface
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
above; up; top; summit; surface; before; previous
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
hero; heroine; Eroica Symphony (Beethoven, 1804); Heroic Polonaise (Chopin)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
company; group; class; troop; rank; file
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
constellation; astrological sign; star sign; zodiac sign
like; similar to; as with; in the same way
each; (arch.) you (plural)
character (of a person); personality; disposition; characteristics; nature (of a thing, event, etc.)
orbit; trajectory; railroad track; (right) track; proper course
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
to fall down; to drop; to be omitted; to be missing; to decrease; to sink; to fail (e.g. exam or class)
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
prime of one's life; stage of maturity
goes without saying; needless to say; obvious
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
grey wall covering material (gray)
mountain; hill; mine (e.g. coal mine); heap; pile; crown (of a hat); thread (of a screw)
gorgeous; brilliant; dazzling; ornate; gaudy; flowery
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
base; bag; sack; fortress; stronghold
to surround; to encircle; to besiege; to lay siege to; to play (go, shogi, etc.)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
circumference; girth; surroundings; neighbourhood; people surrounding oneself; surrounding circumstances
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
common people; ordinary people; masses
odour; odor; scent; aura; whiff; smacks of ...