origin; beginning; genesis; primeval; primordial; primitive
medical science; medicine
Oriental medicine; Eastern medicine
foreword; preface; introduction
the past; bygone days; one's past (that one would prefer remained secret); past (tense); preterit; previous life
(period of) a year; during an era
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
towards; against; regarding; in contrast with
remarkable; striking; brilliant; splendid; spectacular; wonderful
interest (in something); curiosity (about something); zest (for)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
United Kingdom; Britain; Great Britain; England
(United States of) America; United States; US; America (land mass); the Americas
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
university; college; former central university of Kyoto (established under the ritsuryo system for the training of government administrators); the Great Learning (one of the Four Books)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
course (e.g. of lectures); academic university unit (professor, lecturers, etc.)
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
question (e.g. on a test); problem; problem (e.g. societal, political); question; question (i.e. doubt); public discussion
concerning; regarding; per (e.g. 100 yen per person); for every
learned society; scientific society; academy; academic meeting; academic conference
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
club; fraternity; sorority; clubhouse
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
not only ... (but also); not just; as well as
three; three years of age
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
four; four years of age; ten o'clock (old time system); Burakumin; cross grips
journal; magazine; periodical
thesis; essay; treatise; paper; article
abundant; plentiful; rich; wealthy; open (mind); relaxed
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
next; hypo- (i.e. containing an element with low valence); order; sequence
materials; data; document
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
last; final; closing; last train (bus, flight, etc.; of the day)
number; edition; sobriquet; pen-name; size (of printing types, canvases, knitting needles, etc.); suffix attached to names of ships, trains, airplanes, etc.
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)