founding a country; opening of a country (e.g. Japan) to the world; ending (a policy of) national seclusion
Western Europe; the West; the Occident; Europe
principle of excluding foreigners (late Edo period)
unreasonable; absurd; irrational; very
ticktock; chinking (e.g. of a hammer against rock); knocking; dry and hard; (frozen) stiff; hidebound
conspirators; faction; cabal; clique
imperial envoy; imperial messenger
expel the barbarians; expulsion of the foreigners; late Edo period (19th century) revolutionary slogan
love of one's country; patriotism; Ireland
incitement; sedition; agitation; abetting
patriot devoted to the salvation of his country
to praise; to commend; to compliment; to speak well of; to speak highly of
to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
Genji era (1864.2.20-1865.4.7)
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
mochi; (sticky) rice cake
shogunal vassal; direct retainer of a shogun
Emperor Koumei; Koumei Tenno (1831-1866 CE, reigning: 1846-1866 CE)
interview; audience; meeting; (viewing) party
warm welcome; friendly reception; hospitality; entertainment
opportunity; chance; folding; fold; small food box (wooden or cardboard); folding in ... (two, three, etc.); counter for folded items
close (e.g. friend); familiar; familiar (e.g. story); well-known (to one); close (relatives); closely related
Sanjō Sanetomi (1837-1891)
form; shape; state; condition; letter; correspondence
riches; wealth; resources; lottery
revere the Emperor; expel the western barbarians (19th century slogan)
precious; valuable; priceless; noble; exalted; sacred
opening a port (seaport, airport, etc.); starting operations at a port; opening a port to foreign vessels or trade
foreign settlement; concession; reservation (e.g. American Indian)
establishment; institution; installation (of a machine or equipment)
land near a castle; castle town
alliance; aimag; league; administrative subdivision in Mongolia and Inner Mongolia
to gulp down (a drink); to slurp
stronghold; inner citadel; base; headquarters
duration; continuance; survival; persistence; retention
Kenmu era (of unified Japan) (1334.1.29-1336.2.29); Kenmu era (of the Northern Court) (1336.2.29-1338.8.28)
Emperor Go-Daigo; Go-Daigo Tenno (1288-1339 CE, reigning: 1318-1339 CE)
north; the North; northern territories; North Korea; (arch.) north wind