this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
book; document; calligraphy (esp. Chinese); penmanship; handwriting; letter
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
people; men and women; each person; everybody
to present; to offer; to show; to display; to assume (e.g. a shape)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
traditional Japanese handball (game)
song; singing; classical Japanese poem (esp. tanka); modern poetry
one; 1; best; first; foremost; beginning; start
New Year (esp. first three days); first month of the year; January
play; playing; pleasure; amusement; play (in a mechanism, e.g. a steering wheel); slack
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to enter; to come in; to join (a club, company, etc.); to enter (a university, the army, etc.); to be contained (in); to be included (in); to (be able to) fit (in a container, building, etc.)
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
quiet; silent; slow; unhurried; calm; peaceful
to live (on, by, etc.); to lead a life; to make a living; to earn a livelihood; to spend one's time (doing); to pass one's days (doing)
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
time; hour; period; class
to be lost (e.g. luggage); to be missing; to be used up; to be run out; to disappear (e.g. pain); to be lost (e.g. a dream, confidence)
instead; but (on the other hand)
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
until now; till now; up to now; up to the present; so far
as if; as though; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest; really; completely
to know; to be aware (of); to sense; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
various; a variety of; variously; in various ways; various things; this and that
rare; uncommon; new; novel; fine; nice
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
seeing and hearing; (from) one's own experiences
case; occasion; situation; circumstances
many; numerous; large amount of; large quantity of; frequent; common
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
for a long time; since long ago; always; already; far in advance (e.g. reservation)
life; living; livelihood; (one's) living
way; manner; (for) the first time in (e.g. ten years); after ...; ...-sized; amount (equivalent to ...)
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
to memorize; to memorise; to learn; to pick up; to feel; to think
kind; gentle; considerate; generous; friendly; nice
to have a talk; to tell a story
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...