this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
book; document; calligraphy (esp. Chinese); penmanship; handwriting; letter
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
people; men and women; each person; everybody
to present; to offer; to show; to display; to assume (e.g. a shape)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
traditional Japanese handball game
song; singing; classical Japanese poem (esp. tanka); modern poetry
one; 1; best; first; foremost; beginning; start
New Year (esp. first three days); first month of the year; January
playing; play (margin between on and off, gap before pressing button or lever has an effect)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
quiet; silent; slow; unhurried; calm; peaceful
to live; to get along; to spend (time)
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
time; hour; period; class
to be lost (e.g. luggage); to be missing; to be used up; to be run out; to disappear (e.g. pain); to be lost (e.g. a dream, confidence)
instead; but (on the other hand)
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
until now; so far; up to the present
quite; entirely; completely; as if; as though; just like
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
various; all sorts of; variety of; (arch.) various colors (colours)
unusual; rare; new; novel; fine (e.g. gift)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
seeing and hearing; (from) one's own experiences
many; numerous; large amount of; large quantity of; frequent; common
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
for a long time; since long ago; always; already; far in advance (e.g. reservation)
living; life (one's daily existence); livelihood
style; manner; way; after (period of time) again (e.g. meeting again after a year); for the first time in (period of time)
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
to memorize; to memorise; to learn; to pick up; to feel; to think
kind; gentle; considerate; generous; friendly; nice
to have a talk; to tell a story
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)