prefix for forming ordinal numbers
edition; version; plate; block; editions of a publication
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
order; ordering; beginning; start; foreword; preface
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
book; volume; this; present; main; head
first; foremost; most important; best; greatest; above all
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
August; eighth month of the lunar calendar
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
is something that; is that which
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
thin; pale; light; watery; thin; weak (taste, etc.); little (affection, etc.) not much (of a presence)
no more than; just; only; mere; goes no further than
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
at that time; at that moment; then; on that occasion
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
concerning; regarding; per (e.g. 100 yen per person); for every
various; a variety of; all kinds of; many; diverse
thesis; essay; treatise; paper; article
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to write; to compose; to pen; to draw; to paint
medical science; medicine
meeting; assembly; party; society; association; club
to talk; to speak; to tell; to explain; to speak (a language)
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
contents; content; substance; matter; detail; import
not only ... (but also); not just; as well as
new; neo-; newness; novelty; Gregorian calendar; Xin dynasty (China, 9-23 CE)
to contain; to comprise; to hold in the mouth; to bear in mind; to understand; to express (emotion, etc.)
to descend (e.g. a mountain); to go down; to alight (e.g. from bus); to get off; to step down; to retire; to be granted
most part; greater part; majority
recently; lately; these days; nearest; closest
investigation; examination; inquiry; enquiry; survey
result; consequence; coming to fruition; bearing fruit; as a result; consequently
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result