victory or defeat; match; contest; game
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
platform; podium; (ceremonial) mound; world (of haiku, art, etc.); (literary) circles; (arch.) mandala
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
bow used as a walking stick; length of a bow
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to prick; to stab; to poke; to prod; to use (a cane); to prop oneself up with
a little; a bit; a little while; a short time; a little way; a short distance
lameness; cripple; mismatched pair (of shoes, etc.)
to pull; to tug; to draw (attention, sympathy, etc.); to attract (e.g. interest); to draw back (e.g. one's hand); to draw in (one's chin, stomach, etc.); to draw (a card, mahjong tile, etc.)
but then; although; though; reasonable; natural; just
thin, white ceremonial haori worn by miko
now; the present time; just now; another; more
with no physical defects; in perfectly good health; sound in wind and limb
almost; nearly; hardly; barely; large majority; large proportion
few; little; small (amount); low; scarce; insufficient
commander; general; leader
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
somewhere; in some respects; in some way
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
injury; wound; mistake; accident; loss
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
wound (suffered in a fight)
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
sick person; patient; invalid
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
finish; completion; the end
present (e.g. government, administration); current; existing
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
to visit and comfort or console; to go to see (e.g. someone in hospital); to ask after (e.g. someone's health); to attack; to hit; to strike
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to turn one's face; to turn around; to look over one's shoulder
unexpected; surprising; unanticipated; strange; unforeseen
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
lively; full of spirit; energetic; healthy; well; fit
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...; wow
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
at last; finally; barely; narrowly; just