honorific/polite/humble prefix
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
sleet; daikon shavings; grated daikon; shaved ice topped with honey
pattern; figure; state; condition; conjecture of the current situation; the way it seems; model
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
Meiwa era (1764.6.2-1772.11.16)
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
year; age; years; past one's prime; old age
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
November; eleventh month of the lunar calendar
middle of a month; second third of a month; 11th to 20th day of a month
middle; halfway; half (of); one half; half (e.g. done, jokingly); partly
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
Edo (shogunate capital, now Tokyo); Yedo
table; chart; list; memorial to an emperor
to meet (wishes, expectations, etc.); to satisfy; to accompany; to go with; to associate with (someone); to mix with
undulation; ups and downs; highs and lows
Suruga (former province located in the central and northern parts of present-day Shizuoka Prefecture)
stand; rack; support; holder; counter for machines, incl. vehicles; setting (e.g. in jewellery); level (e.g. price level)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
is it?; isn't it?; be; is
hill; height; knoll; bonus points awarded to the winner at the end of a game
Sunday; day (of the month); counter for days; Japan
one by one; each; every; at intervals of
leaf; blade (of grass); (pine) needle
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
Prunus zippeliana (East Asian species of prunus)
female; woman; female sex; female lover; girlfriend; mistress
pulling out one's hair; trichotillomania
to come out; to fall out; to fade; to discolour; to wear a hole (e.g. clothes); to leave (e.g. a meeting); to be clear
seeming; giving the appearance of; giving one the feeling of
wound; injury; chip; crack; flaw; defect
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
useless; futile; unnecessary; needless; not on business; unrelated
wintry; very cold-looking (e.g. landscape); bleak (e.g. room, street); desolate; empty (of furnishings)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question