honorific/polite/humble prefix
Mr; Mrs; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
sleet; daikon shavings; grated daikon; shaved ice topped with honey
pattern; figure; state; condition; conjecture of the current situation; the way it seems; model
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
Meiwa era (1764.6.2-1772.11.16)
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
year; age; years; past one's prime; old age
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
November; eleventh month of the lunar calendar
middle ten days of a month; 11th to 20th day of a month
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
Edo (shogunate capital; former name of Tokyo); Yedo
table; chart; list; memorial to an emperor
Ochanomizu (Tokyo district); Ochanomizu (Kyogen play)
to meet (wishes, expectations, etc.); to satisfy; to accompany; to go with; to associate with (someone); to mix with
undulation; ups and downs; highs and lows
Suruga (former province located in the central and northern parts of present-day Shizuoka Prefecture)
stand; rest; setting (of a gem); mounting; stock (in grafting); counter for machines and vehicles; level (e.g. price level)
hill; height; knoll; bonus points awarded to the winner at the end of a game
Sunday; nth day (of the month); counter for days; Japan
one by one; each; every; at intervals of
leaf; blade (of grass); (pine) needle; frond; foliage
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
bare tree (usu. of deciduous trees in winter); leafless tree; naked tree; Prunus zippeliana (East Asian species of prunus)
woman; female; female lover; girlfriend; mistress
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
pulling out one's hair; trichotillomania
to hurt; to ache; to feel a pain; to be injured; to be spoiled (e.g. food); to be damaged
like; as; so that; in order that; be sure to; I hope (that)
wintry; very cold-looking (e.g. landscape); bleak (e.g. room, street); desolate; empty (of furnishings)
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
wind; breeze; manner; behaviour; cold; influenza
to cry; to shed tears; to suffer (from); to be troubled (by); to accept (an unreasonable request, loss, etc.); to do reluctantly
louse (esp. a sucking louse); lice
shibori; tie-dye; aperture; aperture stop; contraction; squeezing
half; semi-; half-past; odd number; (arch.) han (unit of land area, approx. 595.8 m^2)
tenugui; (hand) towel (usu. thin cotton cloth)
charge; cost; generation; age; era; a representative of; on behalf of