Japan–US Treaty of Peace and Amity (March 31, 1854); Convention of Kanagawa; Kanagawa Treaty; unequal treaty signed between the United States and the Tokugawa shogunate that forced Japan to end its policy of national seclusion
opening a port (seaport, airport, etc.); starting operations at a port; opening a port to foreign vessels or trade
opening; aperture (e.g. camera); opening one's mouth; beginning to speak; open; broad
box; case; car (of a train, etc.); shamisen case; shamisen; public building; community building
mansion; palace; (arch.) nobleman; (arch.) noblewoman; (arch.) cabin (on a boat, carriage, etc.)
Hakodate (city in Hokkaido)
Hakodate (city in Hokkaido)
Niigata (city, prefecture)
Hyogo (prefecture); armory; armoury; arsenal
twelve; 12; queen (playing card)
silkworm (in the first or second instar)
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
few; a little; scarce; insufficient; seldom
hastily made; improvised preparation
western style-house (esp. those built before WWII)
dots; spots; bit by bit; little by little; here and there; scattered
to stand up; to put up; to thrust into; to bury into; to make (a noise); to start (a rumour); to make
store; shop; establishment; restaurant
to line up; to stand in a line; to rival; to match; to equal
(looking around) restlessly; (looking) all around; goggling
to look around; to survey
dear me!; good gracious!; well; let me see; question mark
to twist; to wrench; to puzzle over; to defeat easily
signboard; sign; draw; attraction; reputation (of a shop); name
to look at; to gaze at; to look out over; to get a view of; to look on (from the sidelines); to stand by and watch
feeling refreshed; feeling relieved; neat; tidy; frank; open-hearted; completely
what's what; heads or tails
to walk about; to walk around; to walk to and fro; to pace around; to wander
ken (6 shaku, approx. 1.818 m); counter used to number the gaps between pillars
to address (someone); to accost a person; to talk (to someone); to begin to talk; to start a conversation
pronunciation; production of sound
to be open (to traffic); to lead to; to flow (liquid, current); to pass; to be understood; to be comprehended; to be honored
to stand; to rise; to find oneself (e.g. in a difficult position); to depart (on a plane, train, etc.)
no good; not serving its purpose; hopeless; wasted; cannot; must not
to talk; to chat; to chatter