maintenance of public order; maintaining security
territorial relationship; regional bond
leadership; initiative; spearhead
day of month; counter for days
old person; elderly person; trustee of the Japan Sumo Association; retired high-ranking wrestler who is licensed to coach and receives retirement pay; senior statesman (of the Tokugawa shogunate); important local official (under the Tokugawa Shogunate)
change; alternation; rotation; replacement; substitution; shift
administration; government; administrator; consul (of the French republic; 1799-1804)
important; serious; valuable; precious; serious matter; major incident
assessment; rating; grade; evaluation
rural local self-government (Muromachi period)
a little; some; somewhat; amount; quantity; number
difference; disparity; gap
hometown; rural township (of China)
majority decision; majority vote; majority rule
attendance; presence; appearance
contact; touch; tactile object; uncleanliness
safekeeping; not going outside; not letting outside
sentence; composition; text; the literary arts (as opposed to the military arts); academia; statement
acceptable; satisfactory; approval; being in favour; Pass (grade); Fair
error; mistake; fault; sin; wrongdoing; offense
(arch.) to be; (arch.) to be (at a location); sum of money
punishment; penalty; penal regulations; penal provisions; penal code
member; regular member; active member
collective responsibility; joint liability
police; police officer; polis (ancient Greek city-state)
to carry on one's back; to be burdened with; to take responsibility for; to have (something) in the background; to be in front (of something); to be conceited
historical context; historical background
to create; to bring forth; to invent; to think up and bring into being; to give birth to; to bear
institutions bequeathed from the past
warrior (esp. of military retainers of daimyos in the Edo period); samurai; person with a strong backbone; person that does incredible things; person of considerable talent
to lament; to grieve; to regret; to deplore
Genji (the character in the Genji Monogatari); the Minamoto family
to be descended from; to be drawn from (the tradition of); to be derived from; to follow the school (tradition) of
distinguished family; good family; great master; expert; Meika; kuge family class ranking above Hanke and below Urinke
one color; one kind; one tendency; being the sole mood, sentiment, focus of attention, etc.
new rice field; newly developed rice field; wasteland or marshland newly reclaimed as a rice field (Edo period)