country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); province (of Japan)
looking on; standing by and watching; sitting back and watching; remaining a spectator
independent; autonomous; voluntary; of one's own initiative
to contract (to do); to undertake; to take on (work); (arch.) to take responsibility for; (arch.) to be liable for
to stick to; to cling to; to adhere to
conclusion; decision; judgement; affirmative
to push away; to thrust aside; to detach oneself from; to keep away from; to act coldly; to do without emotion
hands-off; indifferent; spectatorial
to take an attitude; to take a stance; to commit oneself; to assume a position
programme; program; plans; arrangements
to divide (into); to split (into); to share; to distribute; to distinguish; to discriminate; to break up (a fight)
intention; inclination; mind; idea; wish; view
to raise one's voice; to shout; to yell; to speak up (e.g. in protest); to speak one's mind
to play a central role; to take a leading part
to start to move; to get going; to come alive
two days before; day before yesterday
invalid; void; ineffective; unavailable
moving forward (e.g. of a vehicle); onward movement; progress (of work, activities, etc.); advance; progression (of a disease, global warming, etc.); progression (e.g. chord progression)
side job (outside of one's main employment); side gig; homeworking; simple job carried out at home; (secretly) working on something unrelated to the class (or conference, etc.) one is attending
betterment; improvement; kaizen (Japanese business philosophy of continuous improvement)
monopolistic enterprise; monopoly
expansion; extension; enlargement; escape; ESC
(under) municipal management (transport, housing, etc.); city facility management
the rest; the others; in addition (to that); besides that; and so forth; and the like
centre; center; pivot; central nervous system
engine; agency; organisation; system; facility
burden; nuisance; bother; hanger-on; dependent; parasite
until then; till then; to that extent; the end of it; all there is to it
to have; to possess; to own; to be endowed with
feminine handwriting; woman's hand
plan; measure; means; scheme; policy
unity; union; solidarity; combination; banding together; teaming up
dirty smoke; soot and smoke
to stick out too much; to protrude too far; to be too strong (e.g. of tea); to be too forward; to be too assertive; to be pushy
adds light emphasis or insistence to a statement; gives a statement a threatening or condescending tone