tree peony (Paeonia suffruticosa); moutan; wild boar (meat)
border; boundary; turning point; watershed; area; region
old capital; former capital
Kyoto-Osaka; Kyoto and Osaka
importation; ingression; migration; transfection
free city (of Germany); commune (of medieval Europe)
master of the tea ceremony; person with eccentric tastes
a lot; lots; enough; sufficient; enough; too many
alumnus (alumnae); graduate; former member of an organization; former inhabitant (country, region, etc.)
Eishō era (1504.2.30-1521.8.23)
Taiei era (1521.8.23-1528.8.20)
Kyōroku era (1528.8.20-1532.7.29)
inspection (e.g. customs, factory); examination; scan (e.g. MRI, PET, etc.)
chicken meat; reddish-brown chicken
Emperor Go-Kashiwabara; Go-Kashiwabara Tenno (1464-1526 CE, reigning: 1500-1526 CE)
oak; daimyo oak; Japanese emperor oak; Quercus dentata
not worth (getting angry about, etc.)
black ships; Western ships that came to Japan between the 16th and 19th centuries, esp. those of the Perry Expedition in 1853; foreign disruptor (of the Japanese market); product, person, etc. arriving from the West and disturbing the Japanese market
coastal waters; adjacent seas
to represent; to signify; to reveal; to show; to express; to make widely known
to blow into; to breathe into; to inspire; to indoctrinate; to record (music, video, etc.)
to open out (of a view, scenery, etc.); to spread out; to improve (of luck, prospects, etc.); to get better; to develop (of a town, civilization, etc.); to become civilized; to be sensible
Oda Nobunaga (1534-1582.6.21)
Japanese beech (Fagus crenata); Siebold's beech
to reward; to recompense; to repay; to retaliate; to get revenge