plot of land; lot; soil; locality; region; place
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
news; tidings; information; correspondence; letter
Filip; Philipe; Philipp; Philippe; Phillip; Phillipe
a family; a household; (one's own) style; school; gang; (yakuza) family
family tradition; (arch.) wind blowing from the direction of one's home
one; 1; best; first; foremost; beginning; start
dwelling; house; residence; living; life
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
probably; (most) likely; in all likelihood; I suspect; I dare say; I'm afraid
within the village; all over the village; throughout the village
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
number one; first; best; most; game; round
old; aged; long; since long ago; of the distant past; long-ago
dwelling; house; residence; address
straw-thatching; straw-thatched roof
moss; short plants resembling moss (incl. other bryophytes, lichens, very small spermatophytes, etc.)
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to grow; to spring up; to sprout; to cut (teeth)
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
to be seen; to be visible; to look; to seem; to come
awning (over a window, doorway, etc.); eaves (of a roof); narrow aisle surrounding the core of a temple building; visor (of a cap); brim; classic Japanese women's low pompadour hairstyle
above; over; top; summit; surface; on (top of); the above (in a piece of writing)
to hang; to droop; to give (e.g. lesson, instruction, scolding) (to someone of lower status); to confer; to drip; to ooze; to leave behind (at death)
entrance; entry; gate; approach; mouth
head; hair (on one's head); mind; brains; leader; chief; top
to stick; to get stuck; to be unavailable; to be busy; to be piled up (e.g. of work); to halt (in one's speech)
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
cross; cross shape; sign of the cross
sky; heaven; God; svarga (heaven-like realm visited as a stage of death and rebirth); deva (divine being of Buddhism); top (of a book); sole (of a Japanese sandal)
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
to open; to undo; to bloom; to unfold; to open (for business, e.g. in the morning); to be wide (gap, etc.); to widen
to see to it that ...; to make sure that ...; to try to ...; to make an effort to ...
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
by all means; at any cost; whether (one is) willing or not; willingly or unwillingly; on no account; by no means
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)