indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
volume (of book); reel (of film); scroll (of books or paintings); roll (paper, etc.)
circle; "correct"; "good"; *; _; period
Emperor's Birthday (national holiday held from 1868 to 1948)
truth; reality; seriousness; truth; printed style writing; star performer
vista; view; scene; counter for scenes (in a play)
illustration appearing in the first pages of a publication; frontispiece
reference (e.g. to a dictionary, passage, footnotes); consultation; comparison; browsing (to a file or folder)
beginning (of a book, magazine, etc.); opening page; beginning (of a matter); start
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
Meiji era (1868.9.8-1912.7.30)
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
November; eleventh month of the lunar calendar
3rd day of the month; three days
Imperial Hotel (in Tokyo)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to open; to undo; to bloom; to unfold; to open (for business, e.g. in the morning); to be wide (gap, etc.); to widen
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to copy; to duplicate; to describe; to depict; to imitate; to model after
bending; warping; flexibility; pliability
dining room; dining hall; cafeteria; restaurant; eatery; snack bar
20 years old; (arch.) twenty
space (between); gap; period of time (during, while); duration; between (two parties or things); among (a group); relations (between)
large hanging paper lantern (used in bathhouses, yose theatres, izakaya, etc.)
at; in; at; when; by; with
surroundings; environs; circumference
maple (tree); red leaves (of autumn); autumn colors; layered colors in garments, resembling autumn colors; venison
sink (e.g. in a kitchen); cruising (e.g. taxi); strolling (entertainer, musician, etc.); washing area (in a Japanese-style bath); back-washing service (in a public bath); floating (something on water)
(arch.) Chinese "Extended Net" constellation (one of the 28 mansions); counter for objects with stretched strings (i.e. bows, kotos), curtains, papers, etc.
to stuff into; to jam; to shorten; to move closer together; to reduce (spending); to conserve; to focus intently on
ceiling; ceiling (e.g. of share price); ceiling price
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
tree peony (Paeonia suffruticosa); moutan; wild boar (meat)
form; adjective; i-adjective (in Japanese)
deep red; crimson; rouge; lipstick
yellowish-white; pale yellow
board (in shogi, go, chess, etc.); (phonograph) record; disc; board; panel
interspersion; dotting (e.g. the countryside); studding
centre; center; middle; capital; seat of government
fat; thick; deep (of a voice); thick; daring; shameless