foreword; preface; introduction; postscript
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
one; 1; best; first; foremost; beginning; start
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
from now; from the present moment; from this time forward; henceforth
only; merely; approximately; about; just (finished, etc.); as if to; (as though) about to
ago; since; before; previous
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to go upstream; to go back (in time, to origin); to date back to; to trace back to
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
errand; mission; messenger; bearer; familiar spirit; use
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
for the first time; only after ... is it ...; only when ... do you ...; first time; (one's) first
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
any; anything; whatever; I am told; I hear; I understand
year; age; years; past one's prime; old age
September; ninth month of the lunar calendar
(approximate) time; around; suitable time (or condition); time of year; season
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to memorize; to memorise; to learn; to pick up; to feel; to think
hot spring; onsen; hot spring resort; hot spring spa
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
while; during (the time when)
approximately; about; to (about) the extent that; (almost) enough that; as ... as ...; like
seeming; giving the appearance of; giving one the feeling of
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
method; manner; appearance; air; tendency; folk song (genre of the Shi Jing)
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
kōji; malted rice; malt; malt-like material from growing mold on rice, barley, beans, etc. (used as a starter to make sake, miso, soy sauce, etc.)
town; block; street; road; 109.09 m; 0.99 hectares
edict; public announcement
town; block; downtown; main street; street; road
honorific/polite/humble prefix
residence; estate; grounds; premises; mansion
residence; estate; grounds; premises; mansion
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)