order; ordering; beginning; start; foreword; preface
this time; now; next time; another time; recently; lately
edition; version; plate; block; editions of a publication
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
on the occasion of; at the time of
to cross over; to go across; to extend; to cover; to range
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
amendment; correction; revision; modification; alteration; retouching
to give (time, money, goods); to donate; to do; to perform; to apply (processing, makeup, etc.); to add (e.g. ornamentation, annotation)
place; point; part; counter for places, parts, passages, etc.
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
detailed; full; minute; knowing very well; knowledgeable (about); well-acquainted (with)
to add; to add up; to increase; to gather (e.g. speed); to include; to count in
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
change; modification; alteration; revision; amendment
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
originally; by nature; from the start
(a) study (e.g. in music, art, sculpture, etc.); etude; practice piece
-ical; -ive; -like; -ish; (something) like; along the lines of
thesis; essay; treatise; paper; article
to collect; to assemble; to gather
is something that; is that which
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
myself; yourself; I; me; you
sense; idea; desire; concern; attention; care
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
as much as one can; as much as possible; if at all possible
few; a little; scarce; insufficient; seldom
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
Shōwa era (1926.12.25-1989.1.7); reminiscent of the Shōwa era; Shōwa- nostalgic; old-fashioned
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
February; second month of the lunar calendar
author (usu. of a particular book); writer