consecutive; continuous; successive
Ming dynasty (China, 1368-1644)
to establish; to formulate
to change; to alter; to reform; to correct; to examine; to check
ruler; monarch; sovereign
criminal, administrative and civil codes (forming the basis of ancient East Asian law; orig. Chinese); legal codes of the Nara and Heian eras based on Chinese models
revision (of a rule, price, etc.); alteration; change
social structure; social organization; fabric of society
renewal; update; innovation; improvement
duration; continuance; survival; persistence; retention
people from one's hometown
rich (design); beautiful; splendid
poetry and prose; literature; literary works
towards; against; regarding; in contrast with
water (esp. cool, fresh water, e.g. drinking water); fluid (esp. in an animal tissue); liquid; flood; floodwaters; water offered to wrestlers just prior to a bout
westward trip; trip to the West
account; history; chronicle; Kojiki; Records of Ancient Matters
gold (Au); golden (color); valuable; of highest value; money; gold coin; Friday
bottle; jar; decanter; flagon; phial; vial
Japanese apricot (Prunus mume); Japanese plum; ume; lowest (of a three-tier ranking system)
feature; trait; characteristic; peculiarity; distinction
absolute beauty; classical beauty
evening; night; dinner; evening meal; counter for nights
ceramics; pottery; porcelain
hot-spring cure; taking the baths
deep red; crimson; rouge; lipstick
East-Asian lacquer; japan; Chinese lacquer tree (Toxicodendron vernicifluum, formerly Rhus verniciflua)
kind; sort; type; similar example; parallel; the like
science; learning; scholarship; arts and sciences; academic pursuits
prosperity; flourishing; thriving
creative power; creativity
empty (e.g. argument); insubstantial; hollow; fruitless
tendency; trend; inclination
Qing dynasty (China, 1644-1912); Ch'ing dynasty; Manchu dynasty
Holy Roman Empire (800-1806)
European countries; European nations