formation; establishment; conclusion (e.g. of a deal); reaching (e.g. an agreement); being valid (of a theory, argument, etc.); holding
retention; maintenance; preservation
inconvenience; inexpediency; unhandiness
for; for the sake of; to one's advantage; because of; as a result of
going ahead; going first; preceding; coming before; scoring first; getting off to a lead
continuation; persisting; lasting; sustaining; enduring
surface; face (i.e. the visible side of an object); front (of a building, etc.); obverse side (i.e. "head") of a coin; outside; exterior; appearance
action; operation; effect; function
change; variation; variety; diversity; inflection; declension
origin; source; history; originally; from the start; by nature
spelling; orthography; patching; binding
honorific/polite/humble prefix
iron (Fe); strong and hard (as iron); railway; railway enthusiast
recent past; recent times; early modern period (from the Azuchi-Momoyama period to the end of the Edo period)
sentence; composition; text; the literary arts (as opposed to the military arts); academia; statement
release; unleashing; liberation; deallocation (of computer memory)
to desire; to wish for; to expect; to see; to command (a view of)
one's native language; one's mother tongue
writing; composition; essay; sentence
to begin to write; to begin writing; to begin to draw; to begin drawing; to begin painting
my; one's own; I ...; one ...
root; source; origin; cause
look; appearance; spectacle; sight; observation meditation; outlook on ...
after (practically) no time; immediately after; just; having no time to
(sudden) change; reversal; turn-around; coming from behind (baseball)
as much as one can; as much as possible; if at all possible
indicates two contrasting actions; (arch.) indicates possessive (often found in place names and compound words)
almost; roughly; approximately
to spell; to write; to compose; to bind (e.g. documents); to patch
while; during; while; although; all; both
single; simple; singles (tennis, badminton, etc.); win bet (bet which predicts the winner of a race)
be (that) as it may; having said that
thoroughness; completeness; consistency; thorough enforcement; seeing to it that a policy, etc. is carried out without exception
it does not mean that ...; I don't mean that ...; it is not the case that...
to disturb; to prevent; to obstruct; to hinder
peculiarity; uniqueness; characteristic
life; existence; (one's) working life; career; life force; lifeblood
to take (a resource, e.g. time or money); to hang; to come into view; to arrive; to come under (a contract, a tax); to start (engines, motors); to attend
near; close; close (in time); soon; close (relationship); friendly
anciently; formerly; old times; a long time ago
hieroglyph; hieroglyphic character
extermination; expulsion; destruction