order; ordering; beginning; start; foreword; preface
myself; yourself; I; me; you
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
concerning; regarding; per (e.g. 100 yen per person); for every
to write; to compose; to pen; to draw; to paint
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
study; research; investigation
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
grounding (in a skill or subject); knowledge; training; achievements; attainments; accomplishments
preparation; arrangements; getting ready; provision; setup; reserving
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
unreasonable; unnatural; impossible; forcible; forced; excessive (work, etc.); immoderate
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
book; document; calligraphy (esp. Chinese); penmanship; handwriting; letter
to arrive at (e.g. a decision); to reach (a stage); to lead to (a place); to get to; in the extreme case of; (arch.) to come
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
not less than; ... and over; beyond (e.g. one's expectations); above; above-mentioned; aforementioned
duty; responsibility (incl. supervision of staff); liability; onus
to bear; to carry on one's back; to take responsibility for; to accept a duty; to receive (wound); to incur (damage)
other (place, thing, person); the rest; outside; beyond; nothing except; nothing but
to content oneself with; to be resigned to (one's fate); to be contented (satisfied) with (one's lot)
to lie down; to stretch out; to lie ahead (of danger, difficulty, etc.); to lie in wait
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
right; right-hand side; afore-mentioned (esp. in vertical Japanese writing); foregoing; forgoing
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
depending on; as soon as; immediately after; as (e.g. "as one is told", "as one wishes"); whatever (e.g. "whatever is at hand"); order; program
therefore; and so; for that reason; accordingly; consequently; hence
to notice; to recognize; to recognise; to become aware of; to perceive; to realize
various; all sorts of; variety of; (arch.) various colors (colours)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
to become known; to come to light; to be known; to be understood; to clearly not amount to much; to be insignificant
to plan; to intend; to aspire to; to set aims (sights on)
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
to touch; to feel; to touch (with); to experience; to come in contact with; to touch on (a subject); to allude to