oneself; oneself; for oneself; personally
argument; discussion; theory (e.g. of evolution); doctrine; essay; treatise
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
title; subject; problem (on a test); question; counter for questions (on a test)
other; another; over; more than; I; me
previously; before; first; before (something or someone else); beforehand; in advance
world; society; people; the public
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
extermination (e.g. of pests, demons, bandits); elimination; making someone renounce worldly desires in order to concentrate on Buddha's teachings; curing illness
without (doing); instead of; if (it) isn't done; if (one) doesn't do ...; if not ...; unless ...
(in gagaku or noh) middle section of a song
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to be titled (e.g. a book); to be named
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
speciality; specialty; subject of study; expert; area of expertise
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to evaluate; to appraise; to comment on
without; unacceptable; not alright; unsatisfactory
or; either ... or; maybe; perhaps; some ... and others ...; sometimes ... and at other times ...
daydream; fantasy; fancy; vision
jumping to hasty conclusions; conjecture
to build up; to establish; to form; to become (a state); to accomplish; to achieve; to change into
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
the world in general; society; convention
gentleman; well-bred man; well-educated man; people
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
still; yet; more; still more; as ...; like ...
high; noble; refined; advanced
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
comprehension; consent; understanding; OK; roger (on two-way radio)
difficult; hard; impossible; unfeasible; fussy; particular; gloomy
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
in; on; at (place); as for; regarding
still more; even more; much more; increased; greater
explanation; exposition; description; account; caption; legend
world; society; life; lifetime; age; era; reign