expert; learned person; doctor; PhD; instructor at the imperial court (ritsuryō period); pitch and length marks (to accompany a Buddhist liturgical chant, etc.)
a family; a household; (one's own) style; school; gang; (yakuza) family
photograph; photo; picture; moving picture; movie
right; right-hand side; right hand; the above (in a piece of vertical writing); above-mentioned; the right (wing)
than; rather than; instead of; from; out of; except
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
ruins (of a building, town, etc.); remains
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to pass (of time); to elapse
brothers and sisters; siblings; half-siblings; step-siblings; mate; friend
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
child; kid; (one's) child; offspring; young woman; young (animal); offshoot
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to leave (behind); to leave (undone); to not finish; to save; to set aside; to leave (to someone, esp. after one's death)
falling into a doze; dozing off; nodding off
play; playing; pleasure; amusement; play (in a mechanism, e.g. a steering wheel); slack
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
cold (to the touch); chilly; icy; (emotionally) cold; coldhearted; unfeeling
to attach; to stick together; to place together; to put side by side; to make (someone) get married; to get (someone) hitched
after a while; a little while later; shortly afterward
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
father; dad; husband; you (of an elderly person older than the speaker); he
smell; scent; aura; whiff; faint, mist-like pattern along the temper line of a Japanese sword
such ... as; or some such
this world; this life; world of the living
before long; soon; almost; nearly; finally; in the end
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to leave; to go away; to pass; to elapse; to be distant; to send away; to drive off
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to forget; to leave carelessly; to be forgetful of; to forget about; to forget (an article)
reason; circumstances; grounds; because of; due to; as a result of
at least; at most; (even) just
father; father (e.g. of a discipline); pioneer (e.g. of field of research); God; Father
any- (e.g. anything, anywhere, anyone); -ever (e.g. whatever, wherever, whenever); even (if it's just ...); at least; either ... or ...
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
sleep; sleeping; inactivity; death
to make sure of; to ascertain; to confirm; to grasp
stealthily; secretly; in secret