jpdb beta

civilization; civilisation; enlightenment

2

Dutch studies; studies of Western knowledge

2

sudden rise to power; sudden rise in prosperity

2

foolish; stupid; silly

2

nature; natural; spontaneous; naturally; spontaneously

5

tendency; trend

1

oneself; myself

4

disposition; inclination; characteristic; sexual disposition; fetish

2

promotion; encouragement; fostering; unwanted help (usu. unintentionally harmful); unnecessary help

1

nature; disposition

1

to criticize; to point out faults; to speak ill of

1

praise; tribute; inscription (on a painting)

2

trade (foreign)

5

policy; course; plan (of action); magnetic needle

2

indeed; really; absolutely; truly; actually; very

3

eagle (Accipitridae family)

1

empress

1

rare; extraordinary; unparalleled; unparallelled

1

brilliant qualities; fine character; British capital (money)

1

territory

1

vigilantly (watching for an opportunity); eagerly; with an eagle eye

1

Yezo (northern part of Meiji-era Japan, esp. Hokkaido, but also Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands); Edo-period realm of the Ainu (as opposed to the Japanese) comprising most of Hokkaido

1

Emishi; historical term for non-Yamato peoples in northern Japan; Yezo (northern part of Meiji-era Japan, esp. Hokkaido, but also Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands)

5

smuggling

5

to guess; to sense; to presume; to sympathize with; to sympathise with

6

injury; harm; evil influence; damage

1

like; similar to; same as

2

opening a port (seaport, airport, etc.); starting operations at a port; opening a port to foreign vessels or trade

1

fair and square; open and aboveboard

1

traffic; transportation; communication; exchange (of ideas, etc.); intercourse

1

without (doing); instead of; if (it) isn't done; if (one) doesn't do ...; if not ...; unless ...

2

excuse; pretext

1

painful; sore; cringy; embarrassing; exceeding

2

person adrift on the sea; castaway (on an island)

2

Heisuke

9

precisely; exactly; plumb; damn; stupid; cursed

7

gang of rowdies

2

to use; to make use of; to utilize; to utilise

2

business conditions

1

practice (as opposed to theory); actual practice; actual site; (at) the scene; (on) the spot

3

himself; yourself; herself

2

monkey (esp. the Japanese macaque, Macaca fuscata); ape; sly person; idiot; hick; sliding wooden bolt (for holding a door or window shut); clasp used to control the height of a pot-hook

3

unconditionally; as a rule

1

matter; thing; affair; circumstance

1

our country; our land; one's own country

1

market price; speculation (e.g. on stocks); reputation (according to conventional wisdom); estimation

5

gold and silver; money

3

compared to

2

low price; moderate price

1

discharge; outward flow; efflux; leak of (private) information or pictures

1