visit (from abroad); introduction (from abroad); importation
in this way; thus; such; uh...
railway station; train station; staging post on a highway (in pre-modern Japan); counter for railway stations and bus stations
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
opening a port (seaport, airport, etc.); starting operations at a port; opening a port to foreign vessels or trade
various; all sorts of; variety of; (arch.) various colors (colours)
argument; discussion; dispute; controversy
national isolation; closing the country (to foreigners); sakoku; policy of national isolation enacted by the Tokugawa shogunate
expel the barbarians; expulsion of the foreigners; late Edo period (19th century) revolutionary slogan
coat; tunic; jacket; outer garment
noisy; loud; much talked of; much-discussed; strict; severe
first-person plural (or singular); second or third person plural (implies speaker is of higher status than those referred to)
narrow; confined; small; limited; narrow-minded; confining
frog; kajika frog (Buergeria buergeri)
to take; to pick up; to pass; to hand; to get; to obtain; to adopt (a method, proposal, etc.)
to be sufficient; to be enough; to be worth doing; to be worthy of; to do (the job); to serve
very; awfully; exceedingly; (not) at all; by no means; simply (cannot)
various countries; various regions; various provinces
same; identical; equal; anyway; anyhow; in either case
to shine on; to illuminate; to compare (with); to refer to
together; jointly; at the same time; with; both
air; atmosphere; mood; situation; someone with no presence; someone who doesn't stand out at all
between-season wear; spring and autumn clothing; together; condition; situation; -ish
soon; in a moment; nearby; close; direct; spot transaction
the people; citizens; the populace
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
to remain; to be left over; to be in excess; to be too many
to ferry across (e.g. a river); to carry across; to lay across; to build across; to hand over; to hand in
I; me; oneself; (arch.) you; (arch.) prefix indicating familiarity or contempt
together; mutually; fellow
to teach; to instruct; to tell; to inform; to preach
shame; embarrassment; disgrace
cunning deed; sly trick; foul play; cunning person; sly fellow; cheat
to boast of; to be proud of; to take pride in
convenient; handy; useful
happiness; blessedness; luck; luckily; fortunately
the laws of nature and humanity
reason; principle; general principle (as opposed to individual concrete phenomenon); (in neo-Confucianism) the underlying principles of the cosmos