indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to kick; to refuse; to reject; to stamp (on the ground); to firmly press one's feet (against something)
vast (ocean, desert, etc.); boundless; vague (e.g. memories); unclear; rampant (weeds, etc.); running wild
(those) who are; (that) which is; in the capacity of
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
the ocean; the great deep
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
star (usu. not including the Sun); planet (usu. not including Earth); star (glyph, symbol, shape); star (actor, player, etc.); small dot; spot; star point (in go)
storm; tempest; uproar; hullabaloo; storm (e.g. of protest)
storm; tempest; uproar; hullabaloo; storm (e.g. of protest)
to rub; to crumple; to massage; to argue; to have a heated discussion; to train; to coach
black; black go stone; guilt; guilty person
period of time (usu. a period of approx. two hours corresponding to one of the signs of the Chinese zodiac); carving; engraving; victory; strictness; cruelty
surging sea; rough sea; large waves
party (political); person who is fond of; fan of
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
tree; shrub; bush; wood; timber
doing; in such a state; doing together; doing to each other; familiarizing suffix (sometimes meaning "small")
leaf; blade (of grass); (pine) needle
to run; to run (of a vehicle); to drive; to rush (to); to dash; to retreat; to flee
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
March; third month of the lunar calendar
first 10 days of the month
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
cold (e.g. weather); uninteresting (esp. joke); lame; dull
September; ninth month of the lunar calendar
warm; mild; considerate; kind; warm (of a colour); mellow
ship; boat; tank; tub; counter for boat-shaped containers (e.g. of sashimi)
Naraka; Hell; very bottom; the end; trap room (of a theatre); below-stage basement