rule; reign; government; governing
coarse; rough; crude; raw; unrefined
stimulus; impetus; incentive; encouragement; motivation; provocation
in either case; in all cases
transport; transportation
throwing down; dropping; airdrop; investment
regulation; adjustment; control
decline and fall; ruin; downfall; collapse
signal; signalling; signaling; traffic light; traffic signal
to lose; to be defeated; to succumb; to give in; to be inferior to; to break out in a rash due to (e.g. lacquer, shaving, etc.)
independent state; independent nation
movement; transfer; migration; mobile; moving; traveling
national border; provincial border
to stop; to prohibit; to forbid someone to do something
split; division; break up
(air or sea) route; course; line; run
decrease; reduction; fall; depreciation; mitigation
the north; northward; northern direction; northern part (e.g. of a country); northern district
the south; southward; southern direction; countries in the south (esp. Southeast Asia and the pre-WWII South Pacific Mandate)
distribution center (centre); trading center
beginning (of a century, etc.)
decline; degeneration; decay; waning; ebbing
prosperity; flourishing; thriving
pole; climax; extreme; extremity
Palma (Brazil); Parma (Italy)
public matter; governmental matter; prince; duke; lord; sir
siege; encirclement; envelopment; surrounding; besiegement