indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to end; to come to an end; to close; to finish
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
in the meanwhile; during the time
approximately; about; to (about) the extent that; (almost) enough that; as ... as ...; like
offing wave; deep water wave
to stand; to rise; to find oneself (e.g. in a difficult position); to depart (on a plane, train, etc.)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
water's edge; beach; shore
dog (Canis (lupus) familiaris); squealer; rat; loser; asshole; counterfeit
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to shoulder; to carry on one's shoulder; to nominate for a position; to choose as a representative; to take (someone) for a ride; to deceive
to dash against (of waves); to billow; to roll; to wave (e.g. in the wind); to heave; to pound (of a heart)
edge; brink; verge; time; moment of
to return a blow repeat; to turn back; to rewhip; to plow up; to plough up; to come and retreat
tuft (of hair, threads, etc.); fringe; bunch (of grapes, bananas, etc.); cluster (of flowers); segment (of a tangerine, etc.); section
state (US, Australia, India, Germany, etc.); province (e.g. Canada); continent; (arch.) dear
(in the) neighbourhood; neighborhood; around; about; for instance; say
pilchard (esp. Japanese pilchard, Sardinops melanostictus); sardine
pilchard (esp. Japanese pilchard, Sardinops melanostictus); sardine
stinking; smelly; suspicious; fishy; clumsy; unskilled
scenery; scene; landscape; scene (e.g. of a crime)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
(not) at all; (not) a bit; (not) in the least; (not) in the slightest
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?
origin; beginning; variable measure of fabric (28.8 cm in width); for kimonos: at least 10 m in length; tip; extremity
end (e.g. of street); tip; beginning; start; odds and ends; scrap
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
broad or spacious veranda; eaves