indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
October; tenth month of the lunar calendar
Sunday; day (of the month); counter for days; Japan
the four cardinal directions; north, east, south and west; surroundings; many countries; the whole world; all around; here and there
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to look at; to gaze at; to look out over; to get a view of; to look on (from the sidelines); to stand by and watch
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become clear (water, air, etc.); to become transparent; to resonate clearly (e.g. voice); to become serene; to become tranquil; to pronounce as an unvoiced sound
sky; the air; weather; far-off place; distant place; state of mind; feeling
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
cook; chef; tap; spigot; cock (male fowl); cock (penis)
room; chamber; apartment; flat; stable
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
while; during; while; although; all; both
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
far; distant; distant (past); remote (in time); distant (relationship or kinship); having little to do (with someone); far (from something else in quality, degree, etc.)
rural area; countryside; the sticks; hometown
what kind of; what sort of; what; no matter what (kind of); whatever; any
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
yearned for; longed for; missed
admirable; charming; nostalgic; curious; eager to know (or see, experience, etc.)
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
female; woman; female sex; female lover; girlfriend; mistress
like; similar to; as with; in the same way
white; innocence; innocent person; blank space; white go stone; white dragon tile; skewered grilled pig intestine
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
interesting; fascinating; amusing; funny; enjoyable; fun
disagreeable; detestable; unpleasant; reluctant
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
somehow; for some reason; without knowing why