to stick; to paste; to stretch; to spread; to form (e.g. ice on a pond); to fill; to swell
to tear off; to peel off; to rip off; to strip off; to skin; to flay
in deep black; in jet black
large; big; older; senior; final; ultimate
it is written that ...; ... is written; it says ...; it reads ...
father; father (e.g. of a discipline); pioneer (e.g. of field of research); God; Father
child; kid; (one's) child; offspring; young woman; young (animal); offshoot
infancy; childhood; tender age
to raise; to rear; to train; to teach; to promote the growth of; to nurture
founding a country; opening of a country (e.g. Japan) to the world; ending (a policy of) national seclusion
advocate; disputant; debater; (present) writer; author
nature; natural; spontaneous; naturally; spontaneously
feelings; emotion; compassion; sympathy; passion; affection
intimacy; affection; familiarity
light (color, taste, etc.); faint (e.g. smell); pale; faint (feeling, hope, etc.); fleeting; slight
in addition; furthermore; above (which); on top of (which)
shogunate; bakufu; shogun's headquarters; Imperial Guards office; residence of the Imperial Guards commander
external; foreign; with foreign countries; towards foreign countries
question (e.g. on a test); problem; problem (e.g. societal, political); question; question (i.e. doubt); public discussion
to desire; to want; to expect (of someone); to hope for; to see; to command (a view of)
natural; right; proper; naturally; as a matter of course; rightly
whole family; entire family; all over the house; throughout the house; retainer of a daimyo; feudal domain
to repeat someone's mistake; to make the same mistake as one's predecessor; (lit.) to follow the ruts (of a previous cart)
river management; river improvement; flood control
use; utilization; utilisation; application
with trouble; at great pains; rare; valuable; kind; generous
to use (a tool, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
one's birth mother; one's biological mother
death; (an) out; death penalty (by strangulation or decapitation; most severe of the five ritsuryō punishments)
to become the focus of (attention, sympathy, hope, etc.)
to give birth; to bear (child); to lay (eggs); to produce; to yield; to give rise to
wise; sagacious; intelligent; sensible
to abolish; to abandon; to repeal; to dethrone; to depose
must; should; will (surely); be bound to; will (do); shall
attendant; attendance upon another
majority; more than half; most (of); mostly; largely; mainly
public opinion; popular voice; public sentiment; consensus
foot (of a mountain or hill); bottom; base
to hurry; to rush; to hasten; to make something happen sooner
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
to understand; to comprehend
to be unable to; to find difficult (unpleasant, awkward, painful) to do; to serve two or more functions or roles simultaneously; to contain (or combine) two or more features; to work in two or more jobs simultaneously (positions, etc.); to do alongside