chapter one; first chapter
in; at; on; as for; regarding; with regards to
regarding; in; to; towards; with regards to
concerning; regarding; per (e.g. 100 yen per person); for every
present age; present day; today; modern era; modern times
various countries; various regions; various provinces
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be hit; to strike; to touch; to be in contact; to be equivalent to; to be applicable; to be right on the money (of a prediction, criticism, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
study; research; investigation
assistance; help; aid; support; reinforcement
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
death; mortality; to die; to pass away
record; minutes; record (e.g. in sports); results; to record; to document
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
accurate; correct; precise; exact
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
general; universal; ordinary; average; (arch.) the same; (arch.) no different
to perform; to do; to conduct oneself; to carry out
positive; assertive; active; proactive; aggressive
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to some extent; to a certain extent
indication; denotation; designation; instructions; directions
is something that; is that which
mostly; ordinarily; probably; most; almost all; ordinary
people (of a country); nation; citizen; national
habit; (social) custom; practice; convention
of course; certainly; naturally
one's circumstances; environment; situation (in life)
approximation; having a close resemblance