tree trunk; bole; backbone; base; foundation
branch; bough; limb; twig; sprig; spray
purple; violet; purple gromwell (Lithospermum erythrorhizon); red gromwell; soy sauce
to show signs of; to appear
to stand in a row (e.g. shops on a street); to line in a row; to line; to be equal to; to be on a par with
to leave; to go away; to pass; to elapse; to be distant; to send away; to drive off
nevertheless; at any rate; even so; all things considered; be that as it may
it is assuredly (that) ...; can say with confidence that it is ...
to come out; to appear; to turn up; to go out for a while
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
faint; fainting; losing consciousness
to be (animate); to be; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed; to (have the audacity to) do
from the place (where); from the fact that ...; caused by the fact that ...; because
to guess; to sense; to presume; to sympathize with; to sympathise with
dressing in kimono without hakama (for a man); dressing casually
to recommend; to endorse (e.g. a candidate); to infer (from); to deduce; to think (something) through; to ponder deeply
is not ... either; is (neither ...) nor ...; nor is it ...; does not ... either; (neither ...) nor ...; does not even ...
head; hair (on one's head); mind; brains; leader; chief; top
fatigue; weariness; exhaustion; fatigue (of metal, etc.)
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
difference; discrepancy; variation
how; in what way; how about
it was, wasn't it?; must have been; I think (it was); how might it have been?
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
pluralizing suffix; or so; rough indicator of direction, location, amount, etc.; nominalizing suffix
have to; have no choice but to; cannot help (doing); be compelled to; be obliged to; be forced to
world; society; life; lifetime; age; era; reign
terrible; dreadful; terrifying; surprising; startling; tremendous
to go; to come; to lose; to be defeated; to be stumped (by); to be at a loss; to visit (a shrine, grave, etc.)
to go; to come; to lose; to be defeated; to be stumped (by); to be at a loss; to visit (a shrine, grave, etc.)
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
to come; to go; to be (somewhere); -ing
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
to say; to tell; to state; to do