one; 1; best; first; foremost; beginning; start
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
junior high school; middle school; lower secondary school
living; life (one's daily existence); livelihood
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
new; novel; fresh; recent; latest; up-to-date
spring; springtime; New Year; prime (of life); height (of one's prosperity); adolescence
to go around; to return; to surround; to concern (usu. of disputes)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
once; one time; temporarily; for a moment; one degree; one tone
to trip (over); to stumble; to fail; to suffer a setback
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
slowly; quietly; steadily; soon; momentarily; before long
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
when it becomes; when it comes to
mostly; ordinarily; probably; most; almost all; ordinary
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
degree; amount; grade; standard; of the order of (following a number); about
difference; variation; difference
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
reality; actuality; hard fact
being stuck between a rock and a hard place; being in a dilemma; being torn between conflicting demands
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
bright light; hope; bright future; light emanating from a buddha or bodhisattva, symbolizing their wisdom and compassion
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to cut; to cut through; to sever (connections, ties); to turn off (e.g. the light); to terminate (e.g. a conversation); to hang up (the phone); to punch (a ticket)
to stand; to rise; to find oneself (e.g. in a difficult position); to depart (on a plane, train, etc.)
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
so far; up to now; hitherto; that's enough (for today); it ends here
somewhat; to some extent; to some degree; some; part; portion