the Analects of Confucius (one of the Four Books)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to read; to recite (e.g. a sutra); to chant; to predict; to guess; to pronounce; to read (e.g. a kanji)
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
for; for the sake of; to one's advantage; because of; as a result of
the East; the Orient; (East) Asia; Japan
to know; to be aware (of); to sense; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
really; truly; indeed; very; extremely; terribly
to obey (an order, law, etc.); to abide by (a rule, custom, etc.); to follow (a person); to accompany; to go alongside (e.g. a river); to follow (e.g. a sign)
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
key; lock; key (to a problem, success, etc.); clue
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
it is assuredly (that) ...; can say with confidence that it is ...
speech and behaviour (behavior)
head (of a household, etc.); leader; owner; proprietor; subject (of a rumour, etc.); doer (of a deed); guardian spirit (e.g. long-resident beast, usu. with mystical powers)
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
language; dialect; word; phrase; speech; (manner of) speaking
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to add; to add up; to increase; to gather (e.g. speed); to include; to count in
compilation (esp. dictionary, history, law code); editing
is something that; is that which
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
each; (arch.) you (plural)
compilation (of a text); editing; volume (of a text); completed literary work
chapter; section; medal; badge; insignia
space (between); gap; period of time (during, while); duration; between (two parties or things); among (a group); relations (between)
(not) in any way; (not) at all; (none) whatsoever; what kind of
clearly; plainly; distinctly; to be clear; to be definite; to be certain
logical connection; chain of reasoning; coherence; blood vessel
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
system; lineage; ancestry; group (e.g. of colors) (colours); family (e.g. of languages); close (evolutionary) relationship
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays