order; ordering; beginning; start; foreword; preface
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
commerce; trade; business
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
one; 1; best; first; foremost; beginning; start
storekeeper; shopkeeper; proprietor of a shop
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
to obey (an order, law, etc.); to abide by (a rule, custom, etc.); to follow (a person); to accompany; to go alongside (e.g. a river); to follow (e.g. a sign)
some; several; many; how many; how much; very
century; hundred years; (fig.) a long time
while; during (the time when)
merchant; trader; tradesman; dealer; shopkeeper
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to inherit; to succeed; to take over
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
trade; business; commerce; occupation; calling; profession
credit; money owed on an account; bill; hot noodles in broth; proportion (of wholesale price, as tenths of list price); in the midst of; rest
else; in addition; on top of that; furthermore; further; besides
to be lucky; to be in luck; to be attached; to have; to be included
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
furthermore; again; after all; more and more; moreover; even more
pre-existing; already there; conventional
ancestral; hereditary; imported; transmitted; handed down
by means of; due to; because of; according to
on the contrary; rather; all the more; instead
road; path; route; way; distance; journey; road (e.g. to victory)
essence; quintessence; spirit; soul; heart; pith
to go away; to become more distant; to fade away; to be estranged
resentment; grudge; malice; matter for regret; regret
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to feel; to sense; to experience
rather; better; instead; if anything
amateur; layman; respectable woman (i.e. not a prostitute, hostess, geisha); (arch.) unlicensed prostitute
with; by; because of; on account of; on (a day, date); at (a time); adds emphasis to preceding word
pride; boast; credit (to)