foreword; preface; introduction
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
book; document; calligraphy (esp. Chinese); penmanship; handwriting; letter
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
shop; store; someone who sells (something) or works as (something); someone with a (certain) personality trait; house; roof
establishment; founding; organization; organisation
at that time; in those days
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
the present; present time; as of; present tense; this world; this life
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
transition; change; progress; passing (of time)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
almost; nearly; for the most part; roughly; approximately; about
to chase; to run after; to follow (a set order, a trend, etc.); to drive out; to get rid of; to drive (e.g. a herd)
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to state; to express; to say; to tell; to mention
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
store; shop; establishment; restaurant
to talk about; to speak of; to recite; to chant; to indicate; to show
central meaning; principal meaning; prioritizing of will (over reason or emotion); one's lord's will; one's master's intention
employee (of a store); shop assistant; clerk; salesperson
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
usual; ordinary; normal; ordinarily; normally; usually
to hold in one's arms (e.g. a baby); to embrace; to hug; to have (a thought or feeling); to hold; to harbour (suspicion, doubt, etc.)
thinking; thought; idea; notion; intention; plan
to collect; to gather; to compile; to arrange; to settle
to talk; to speak; to tell; to explain; to speak (a language)
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
myself; yourself; I; me; you
(practical) experience; personal experience; hands-on experience; first-hand experience
to conform to; to agree with; to be adapted to; to be based on
merchant; trader; tradesman; dealer; shopkeeper
road; path; route; way; distance; journey; road (e.g. to victory)
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
because; as; since; because of that; therefore; accordingly
force; vigor; influence; authority; impetus; impulse
system; organization; organisation; architecture
to form; to make; to build up (e.g. a fortune); to create; to accomplish; to achieve; to change (into)
to arrive at (e.g. a decision); to reach (a stage); to lead to (a place); to get to; in the extreme case of; (arch.) to come
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
long-established shop; shop of long standing; old shop