foreword; preface; introduction; postscript
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
legend; tradition; biography; life; method; way
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates reason or excuse; indicates dissatisfaction; indicates desire to be pampered or indulged
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
descendant; posterity; offspring
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
admonition; commandment; sila (precept)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to build up; to establish; to form; to become (a state); to accomplish; to achieve; to change into
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
noble; lofty; high-minded; virtuous; upright
business; affairs; duties; work; procedure; task
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
just; right; pure; genuine; truth
truth; reality; sincerity; honesty; (arch.) that's right
Lord; Highness; (arch.) you
pattern; example; model; paragon; mirror
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
posterity; future life; life to come
doing; in such a state; doing together; doing to each other; familiarizing suffix (sometimes meaning "small")
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
it is ... that ...; precisely; although; while; it is precisely because ... that ...; only because ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to kick; to refuse; to reject; to stamp (on the ground); to firmly press one's feet (against something)
mistress; kept woman; concubine
smallness; small item; short month (i.e. having fewer than 31 days); elementary school; smaller (of two things, places, etc. with the same name); inferior; younger (of two people with the same name)
how; in what way; how about
mind; heart; spirit; the meaning of a phrase (riddle, etc.)
honorific/polite/humble prefix
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
existing (at the present moment); alright; acceptable; to be (usu. of inanimate objects); to have
certainly; of course; even if; no matter (who, what, when, where, why, how); without even; without so much as; at the (least, earliest, etc.)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to get; to earn; to understand; to comprehend; to receive something undesirable (e.g. a punishment); to get (ill)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates two contrasting actions; (arch.) indicates possessive (often found in place names and compound words)