author (usu. of a particular book); writer
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
shadow; silhouette; reflection; image; ominous sign; light (stars, moon)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
dialogue; discussion; conversation; interaction
certainly; surely; undoubtedly; just; precisely; exactly
to get on (train, plane, bus, ship, etc.); to get in; to get on (e.g. a footstool); to step on; to reach; to go over; to follow
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
variable measure of fabric (28.8 cm in width); for kimonos: at least 10 m in length; 300 tsubo (991.74 meters square, 0.24506 acres); six ken (10.91 m)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
Christoff; Christoph; Christophe; Kristof
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
quarrel; brawl; fight; squabble; scuffle; argument
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
intention; plan; belief; assumption; estimate; estimation
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
to be surprised; to be astonished
state; state of affairs; appearance; look; sign; indication
beginning; outset; first; onset
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to take (someone) with one; to bring along; to go with; to be accompanied by
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
be supposed or expected to (do); be sure to (do); ought to (do)
remainder; remnant; (not) very; (not) much; too much; excessively
many; much; majority (of); greater part (of); mostly; mainly
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
criticism; blame; censure; attack; reproach
opponent; rival; adversary; menace; danger; threat
foolish thing; stupid thing; absurdity
seeming ...; appearing ...; -ish; like a ...; typical of ...
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to cause trouble (for someone); to annoy; to bother; to inconvenience
for example; for instance; e.g.
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial