jpdb beta

war; fighting; fierce competition

5

surely; clearly; without a doubt; in all probability; no matter how one slices it; no matter how one looks at it

1

good thing; nice thing; good excuse; good grounds; interjection used to impress an idea or to urge a response

1

to turn down (heat, sound, etc.)

1

to be disordered; to be disarranged; to be discomposed; to be upset; to lapse into chaos (due to war, etc.)

1

foreigner; foreign citizen; foreign national; alien; non-Japanese

3

uncivilized; uncivilised; undeveloped (land); unexplored (territory, field, etc.); unbloomed (flower)

1

indigenousness; being native (to a region); settling (of people); native; indigenous; aboriginal

1

hostility; antagonism; opposition

1

aggression; invasion; raid

2

that kind of; that way; that move; that trick; that game

1

uncivilized country; savage land

1

uncivilized country

1

easily; readily; with ease; without trouble

1

for some years

1

to forge; to temper; to drill; to train; to discipline

2

new land; new world; new sphere of activity

2

reclamation (e.g. wasteland); cultivation; development; pioneering; opening up (e.g. new market); breaking new ground

2

everywhere; all over; throughout

1

fertile fields or plain

1

locals; natives

1

ogre; demon; spirit of a deceased person; ogre-like person (i.e. fierce, relentless, merciless, etc.); it (in a game of tag, hide-and-seek, etc.); Chinese "ghost" constellation (one of the 28 mansions); very

2

Onigashima; island of ogres (in Japanese folklore)

1

hoe

13

founding a country; opening of a country (e.g. Japan) to the world; ending (a policy of) national seclusion

1

ancestor; forefather; foremother

1

to brush away; to sweep aside; to repel (e.g. enemy); to drive away; to rout

2

disorder; chaos; confusion; mayhem

1

drifting ship

1

food

1

spade; plough; plow

4

western hemisphere; the Occident

1

adjoining land

1

whip; lash; scourge; stick; cane; rod

3

to indicate; to show; to point to

2

(United States of) America; United States; US; America (land mass); the Americas

4

America; American; fist

3

Kaei era (1848.2.28-1854.11.27)

1

congratulation; celebration

1

Perli

2

navy

1

climate

1

North America

2

to go to ruin; to go under; to fall; to be destroyed; to die out; to become extinct

2

speech; tongue; dialect; brogue; bento; Japanese box lunch; petal

1

merely; only; simply

1

harvest; crop; ingathering; fruits (of one's labors); gain; result

1

taking in; harvesting

1

broad; vast; boundless; wide

1

sea level; (surface of) sea

1