something like ...; something called ...
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
normal school (pre-war Japan); teachers' training college
system; institution; organization; organisation
reform; reformation; reorganization
humanities and sciences; social sciences and hard sciences; context; (line of) reasoning
department; section; course (of study); branch of study; (taxonomical) family
university; college; former central university of Kyoto (established under the ritsuryo system for the training of government administrators); the Great Learning (one of the Four Books)
to cure; to heal; to fix; to correct; to do over again; to replace
not taking an examination; not having to take an examination
official certification; official approval; certification examination; licensing examination; hypothesis testing
establishment; institution; installation (of a machine or equipment)
training; drill; practice; discipline
to give (time, money, goods); to donate; to do; to perform; to apply (processing, makeup, etc.); to add (e.g. ornamentation, annotation)
personality; character; individuality; personhood
instead of; in place of; as a substitute for; in exchange for; in return for; to make up for
to grant; to give; to confer; to teach; to instruct; to impart (knowledge)
about; roughly; generally; on the whole; completely; quite
with the exception of; excepting; excluding
impossible; unlikely; improbable
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
possibly; apparently; (seem) likely; somehow or other; with difficulty; barely
suspicious; dubious; doubtful; unsure; untrustworthy; unreliable; strange
(some) more; even more; longer; further
novel; original; new; innovative
educational system; school system
to spread out; to lay out; to take a position; to impose widely (e.g. over a city)
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
ministry; department; province (of China); saving; conserving
prefecture (Japan); county (China, Taiwan, Norway, etc.); department (France); province (Italy, Spain, etc.)
dojo; hall used for martial arts training; manda (place of Buddhist practice or meditation, esp. the place under the bodhi tree where Buddha attained enlightenment)
leader; central personage
exemplar; model; example; pattern