call; summons; convening; convocation
encouragement; urging; spurring on; chastising by whipping
weak foreign policy; weak-kneed diplomacy
tradition; legend; folklore
document; writing; letter; document addressed to someone
abuse; invective; denunciation; sharp criticism
this is why; this means; it is the case that
foreign; abroad; overseas
locality; local area; limited area
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
colony; (Japanese) settlement (in Brazil)
willpower; guts; determination; character; nature; disposition
exposing fully; uncovering completely; being in full view; putting on display; not disguising
many; numerous; large amount of; large quantity of; frequent; common
unrelated; irrelevant; unconcerned; unconnected
the East; the Orient; (East) Asia; Japan
to conceal oneself; to hide; to endure; to bear; to stand
Japan and China (esp. before WWII)
cooperation; tie-up; joint business; partnership; alliance; sponsorship
at that time; at that moment; then; on that occasion
unfortunately; regrettably; sad to say
to hang up (e.g. a coat, a picture on the wall); to let hang; to put on (e.g. a blanket); to put on top of; to put on (glasses, etc.); to wear (a necklace, etc.); to make (a call)
risky; dangerous; suggestive; bordering on the obscene; (arch.) extreme; (arch.) harsh
to overturn; to capsize; to overthrow (government etc.); to reverse (decision etc.); to disprove (an established theory etc.)
rain; rainy day; rainy weather; the November suit (in hanafuda)
to descend; to go down; to be handed down (of an order, judgment, etc.); to pass (of time); to surrender; to capitulate; to be less than
earth; ground; place; territory; bottom (of a package, book, etc.); earth (one of the five elements)
hard; solid; stiff; tight; strong; firm (not viscous or easily moved); safe
example; simile; metaphor; allegory
something that cannot be done no matter how hard one tries (and is slightly frustrating because of this); (lit.) eye drops from the second floor
friendship; goodwill; friendly relations; amity
near; close by; within reach; familiar
Sunday; day (of the month); counter for days; Japan
I've heard that ...; rumour has it that ...; it appears as if ...
Constitutional Nationalist Party (1910-1922); Guomindang (Chinese Nationalist Party); Kuomintang
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
pro-Japanese group; Japanophiles
to cause; to induce; to bring about a result or state; to produce
substance; essence; real (in economics, vs. nominal, e.g. real interest rate); substantive; substantial
to prove successful; to take hold; to amount to something