leisure; leisure time; spare time
fluent (in a language); flowing
foreigner; foreign citizen; foreign national; alien; non-Japanese
stammering; stuttering; dysphemia
plain; field; hidden (structural) member; wild; lacking a political post
savage; barbarian; aboriginal
person with low tastes; uncultured person; worldly person; ordinary person (who has not entered the priesthood); layperson; layman
sanctification; consecration
Chinese classical writing; Chinese classics; writing composed entirely of kanji
pitch; tone; time; tempo; mood; tendency
unpunctuated Chinese texts
early-modern literature; Edo-period literature (1600-1867)
one's possessions; ownership
to overcome (a difficulty)
Latin (language); Latin-American; Latin; Latin; Roman
beginning (of a century, etc.)
treatise; monograph; study; paper (scientific, technical)
occupational ability; function; role
attentive; cautious; careful; watchful
natural; understandable; reasonable; no wonder
Germanic (people, language, culture, etc.)
Europe and America; the West
still; even now; to this day
magnanimity; generosity; tolerance
measure; step; countermeasure; counterplan; countermove; strategy
word of Japanese origin; native Japanese word
focal point; nodal point; node
sole; single; solo; independence; singleness; singularity
to carry; to transport; to come; to go; to wield (a tool, etc.); to use
main cause; primary factor
extremely important; essential; vital; crucial
established theory; accepted opinion; accepted explanation
recorded in history; historical
last (i.e. immediately preceding); previous; pre- (e.g. premodern); before; before; earlier