circumstances; conditions; situation; reasons; state of affairs
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
such; like that; that sort of; very
variety; kind; type; counter for kinds, species, etc.
universality; ubiquity; omnipresence; catholicity
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
to be open (to traffic); to lead to; to flow (liquid, current); to pass; to be understood; to be comprehended; to be honored
essence; kernel; spirit; pith
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
not less than; ... and over; beyond (e.g. one's expectations); above; above-mentioned; aforementioned
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
in; at; on; as for; regarding; with regards to
concerning; regarding; per (e.g. 100 yen per person); for every
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to reach the point that; to come to be that; to turn into
of course; certainly; naturally
general; universal; ordinary; average; (arch.) the same; (arch.) no different
question (e.g. on a test); problem; problem (e.g. societal, political); question; question (i.e. doubt); public discussion
culture; civilization; civilisation; Bunka era (1804.2.11-1818.4.22)
criticism; judgement; judgment; comment
civilization; civilisation; culture; Bunmei era (1469.4.28-1487.7.20)
criticism; critique; review; commentary
necessary; needed; essential; necessity; need; requirement
to run along; to run beside; to follow (a policy, plan, etc.); to act in accordance with; to meet (wishes, expectations, etc.); to satisfy
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
it is assuredly (that)...; can say with confidence that it is...
journal; magazine; periodical
to place on (something); to give (someone) a ride; to give a lift; to load (luggage); to carry; to send out (on the airwaves, etc.); to deceive
relation; relationship; participation; involvement; influence; effect
argument; discussion; theory (e.g. of evolution); doctrine; essay; treatise
manuscript; version; draft
now; the present time; just now; another; more
to collect; to assemble; to gather
one copy (of a book, magazine, etc.); one volume
indeed; really; truly; very much
sorting; arrangement; liquidation; settlement; retrenchment; curtailment
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
(what) the heck; (why) in the world; one object; one body; one form; one style
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
search; lookup; hunt; (item of) research; exploration; investigation
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
I, myself; one-self; by one-self; even I; even one
for the first time; only after ... is it ...; only when ... do you ...; first time; (one's) first
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
depending on; as soon as; immediately after; as (e.g. "as one is told", "as one wishes"); whatever (e.g. "whatever is at hand"); order; program