three; three years of age
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
stage; step; level; rank; order; stairs
correspondence; communication; transmission; news; signal; telecommunications
journal; magazine; periodical
education; schooling; training; culture; cultivation; education
official writing system of a country; official script; kana (as opposed to kanji); Japanese syllabary; kanji created in Japan (as opposed to China); Japanese-made kanji
national language; Japanese language (often as a school subject in Japan); native Japanese words (as opposed to loanwords)
religion; religious affiliation; belief; religious activity
drama; theatre; theater; play
culture; civilization; civilisation; Bunka era (1804.2.11-1818.4.22)
organization; organisation; structure; construction; system (e.g. railroad, transport, party, etc.); tissue; texture (of a rock)
international; diplomatic intercourse
one; 1; best; first; foremost; beginning; start
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
August; eighth month of the lunar calendar
fifteenth day of the month; fifteen days
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
while; during (the time when)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
change; variation; variety; diversity; inflection; declension
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
unprecedented; unheard-of; record-breaking
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...