yuzu (Citrus ichangensis x C. reticulata)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
tree; shrub; wood; timber; wooden clappers (signalling the beginning or end of a performance)
high; tall; expensive; high-priced; high (level); above average (in degree, quality, etc.)
truth; reality; sincerity; honesty; content; substance
to take (a resource, e.g. time or money); to hang; to come into view; to arrive; to come under (a contract, a tax); to start (engines, motors); to attend
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
miserable; wretched; lonely; dreary; shabby; comfortless
keenly; deeply; calmly; quietly; fixedly (gazing, staring); intently
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
one's body; one's person; oneself; one's appearance; one's place (in society, etc.); one's position
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to feel; to sense; to be moved (by); to be touched (by); to become infected with (an illness); to catch
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
chest; breast; breasts; bosom; heart; lungs; stomach
apple (fruit); apple tree (Malus pumila)
light (i.e. not heavy); feeling light (i.e. offering little resistance, moving easily); light (i.e. of foot); effortless; non-serious; minor; slight
depression; melancholy; dejection; gloom; despondency
kaki; Japanese persimmon (Diospyros kaki)
pure and clear; "clear and bright" solar term (approx. April 5)
nashi (esp. Pyrus pyrifolia); Japanese pear; Asian pear
simple; artless; naive; unsophisticated
Japanese chestnut (Castanea crenata)
to grant; to give; to confer; to teach; to instruct; to impart (knowledge)
end; conclusion; last; final; once ...; the moment ... (, that's it)
to leave (behind); to leave (undone); to not finish; to save; to set aside; to leave (to someone, esp. after one's death)
bitter smile; wry smile; strained laugh; sarcastic laugh
to give (esp. to someone of lower status); to bestow; to provide; to afford; to assign; to cause
strong; potent; strong; brawny; good (at); skilled; being able to handle
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
else; in addition; besides
what kind of thing; anything (else); nothing (but)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
as a matter of fact; by the way; to tell you the truth; to be honest; frankly; actually
really; truly; indeed; good grief
poor; needy; lacking (quantity and quality-wise); poor; scanty